Incidence of cancer in children residing in ten jurisdictions of the Mexican Republic: importance of the Cancer registry (a population-based study)

BACKGROUND: In 1996, Mexico started to register cases of childhood cancer. Here, we describe the incidence of cancer in children, residing in ten Mexican jurisdictions, who were treated by the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). METHODS: New cases of childhood cancer, which were registered prospectively in nine principal Medical Centers of IMSS during the periods 1998–2000 (five jurisdictions) and 1996–2002 (five jurisdictions), were analyzed. Personnel were specifically trained to register, capture, and encode information. For each of these jurisdictions, the frequency, average annual age-standardized incidence (AAS) and average annual incidence per period by sex and, age, were calculated (rates per 1,000,000 children/years). RESULTS: In total 2,615 new cases of cancer were registered, with the male/female ratio generally >1, but in some tumors there were more cases in females (retinoblastoma, germ cells tumors). The principal groups of neoplasms in seven jurisdictions were leukemias, central nervous system tumors (CNS tumors), and lymphomas, and the combined frequency for these three groups was 62.6 to 77.2%. Most frequently found (five jurisdictions) was the North American-European pattern (leukemias-CNS tumors-lymphomas). Eight jurisdictions had AAS within the range reported in the world literature. The highest incidence was found for children underless than five year of age. In eight jurisdictions, leukemia had high incidence (>50). The AAS of lymphomas was between 1.9 to 28.6. Chiapas and Guerrero had the highest AAS of CNS tumors (31.9 and 30.3, respectively). The frequency and incidence of neuroblastoma was low. Chiapas had the highest incidence of retinoblastoma (21.8). Germ-cell tumors had high incidence. CONCLUSION: The North American-European pattern of cancers was the principal one found; the overall incidence was within the range reported worldwide. In general but particularly in two jurisdictions (Yucatán and Chiapas), it will be necessary to carry out studies concerning the causes of cancer in children. Due to the little that is known about the incidence of cancer in Mexican children, it will be necessary to develop a national program to establish a cancer registry for the whole of the country

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Precopulatory male ethograms of three species of Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae: Lycosidae) of the Iberian peninsula

Volume: 2Start Page: 515End Page: 52

Visual guide of the marine biodiversity of Guanahacabibes. I - Anemones (Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, Ceriantharia & Zoanthidea)

Volume: 19Start Page: 133End Page: 14

Predicting human mirna target sites in regions other than 3utrs using known algorithms

Τα microRNAs (miRNAs) είναι μικρά ενδογενή μη-κωδικά μόρια RNA, που παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην μετα-μεταγραφική ρύθμιση των γονιδίων. Στον άνθρωπο πιστεύεται πως τα miRNAs στοχεύουν κυρίως τα 3’UTRs (3’ αμετάφραστες περιοχές). Αντιθέτως, στα φυτά τα miRNAs είναι αδιαμφισβήτητο πως μπορούν να στοχεύσουν κάθε περιοχή πάνω στα mRNAs, όχι μόνο τα 3’UTRs. Τα περισσότερα όμως υπάρχοντα εργαλεία για την πρόβλεψη στόχων των miRNAs στον άνθρωπο περιορίζουν τα αποτελέσματα τους μόνο στα 3΄UTRs. Σκοπός της μελέτης είναι να φανεί αν τα εργαλεία αυτά μπορούν να προβλέψουν θέσεις-στόχους των miRNAs και σε άλλες περιοχές. Επιπρόσθετα, η μελέτη εστιάζει στην σύγκριση των κοινών προβλέψεων μεταξύ των εργαλείων. Όλα αυτά γίνονται τόσο κάτω από εξελικτικά μη συντηρημένες, όσο και συντηρημένες συνθήκες, δεδομένου ότι η εξελικτική συντήρηση παίζει πολύ σημαντικό ρόλο στην πρόβλεψη στόχων των miRNAs. Όπως τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν, τα εργαλεία αυτά μπορούν να προβλέψουν πολλούς στόχους και σε άλλες περιοχές εκτός των 3’UTRs. Συγκεκριμένα όσο αφορά τα εξώνια, οι προβλέψεις των εργαλείων είναι περισσότερες σε σχέση με αυτές των 3’UTRs, ακόμα και μετά την εισαγωγή του παράγοντα της συντήρησης. Τα αποτελέσματα μπορούν να εξηγηθούν με δύο διαφορετικούς τρόπους. Ή ότι τα εργαλεία χρειάζονται πολύ βελτίωση ακόμα για την έγκυρη πρόβλεψη στόχων, όσον αφορά τον διαχωρισμό των περιοχών, ή ότι αγνοούμε σημαντικές βιολογικές πληροφορίες σε σχέση με το πώς και που δρουν τα miRNAs στον άνθρωπο.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous noncoding RNA molecules that play essential role in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. In human, it is thought that miRNAs primarily target on 3’UTRs. On the contrary, in plants is well established that miRNAs can target every region on mRNAs, not only the 3’UTR. However, most of the existing algorithms for prediction of miRNA target sites, limit their results only on 3’UTRs. The aim of the study is to see whether these algorithms can predict miRNA target sites on other regions as well. Furthermore, the research focuses on the comparison of the common predictions between the algorithms. All these are done under both evolutionary conserved and non conserved states, considering the fact that evolutionary conservation plays a very important role on miRNA target prediction. As shown by the results, these algorithms predict multiple targets on other regions. This was especially prominent in exons where the predicted target sites outnumbered those predicted for 3'UTRs, even after the use of the evolutionary conservation as a filtering parameter. Furthermore, the algorithms found a highly increased percentage of common results, especially before the use of the conservation parameter. These findings pose two different questions. Do the algorithms need so much improvement or do we ignore important biological information about the ways miRNAs act in human

Analysis of the Viability of Street Light Programming Using Commutation Cycles in the Power Line

Nowadays, control systems for lighting installations are used, among other functionality, to improve energy efficiency and to set different lighting outputs of the luminaires according to punctual requirements. This allows increasing energy efficiency by adapting the installation to environmental needs. Current control systems are mainly oriented to point-2-point architectures, which in most cases, are complex and expensive. As an alternative, we present the viability analysis of a sustainable control architecture for lighting installations to improve those drawbacks. This control system uses a communication technique based on controlled power-on/off sequences in the power line of the luminaires to configure different dimming profile schedules. An implementation for LED equipment with the design of an electronic CPU based on a microcontroller is described along with a study of its configuration capability. In addition, we present the set of results obtained using this system in a real outdoor public lighting installation. Furthermore, an economic amortization study of power line communication (PLC) or radio frequency (RF) control architectures versus the results of this proposal are detailed. The analysis presents the proposal as a simple but more robust and sustainable solution compared to current point-2-point systems used with streetlights: The return on investment (ROI) period is reduced allowing all the basic functionality expected&#8212;in&#8212;field output light dimming profiles selection

Serotypes of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolated from water supplies for human consumption in Campeche, Mexico and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern

The presence of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in water supplies for human consumption in the city of Campeche and rural locality of Becal was investigated. V. cholerae non-O1 was detected in 5.9% of the samples obtained in deep pools of Campeche. Studies conducted in Becal and neighbourhood of Morelos in Campeche indicated that collected samples harbored V. cholerae non-O1 in 31.5% and 8.7% respectively. There was a particular pattern of distribution of V. cholerae non-O1 serotypes among different studied regions. Accordingly, V. cholerae non-O1 serotype O14 predominated in the deep pools of Campeche and together with V. cholerae non-O1, O155 were preferentially founds in samples taken from intradomiciliary faucets in the neighbourhood of Morelos. Samples from Becal predominantly presented the serotype O112. 60% and 53.8% of all studied strains of V. cholerae non-O1 proved to be resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin. 3.1%, 7.7% and 6.2% presented resistant to doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin respectively. The study showed the necessity of performing a strong epidemiologic surveillance for emergence and distribution of V. cholerae non-O1